Selokhu yasungulwa, amashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha aye adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquguqukeni kwezithombe zokuxilonga. La mashubhu ayingxenye ebalulekile yemishini ye-X-ray evumela odokotela ukuba babone ngaphakathi kweziguli futhi bahlole izimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha kungathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ephushela izithombe zokuxilonga zibe phezulu.
Umnyombo we-aithubhu ye-X-ray yezokwelaphaiqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-cathode ne-anode, ezisebenzisana ukuze kukhiqizwe i-X-ray. I-cathode isebenza njengomthombo wama-electron kuyilapho i-anode isebenza njengethagethi kulawa ma-electron. Lapho amandla kagesi esetshenziswa ku-tube, i-cathode ikhipha umfudlana wama-electron, ogxile futhi uphuthunyiswe ku-anode.
I-cathode iyi-filament eshisayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwa nge-tungsten, ekhipha ama-electron ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thermionic emission. Umsinga kagesi onamandla ushisisa umcu, okwenza ama-electron aphume endaweni yawo futhi akhe ifu lezinhlayiya ezishajwe kabi. Inkomishi yokugxilisa ingqondo eyenziwe nge-nickel bese yenza ifu lama-electron libe ugongolo oluwumngcingo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweshubhu, i-anode isebenza njengethagethi yama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode. I-anode ivamise ukwenziwa nge-tungsten noma enye impahla yenombolo ye-athomu ephezulu ngenxa yephuzu layo eliphakeme lokuncibilika kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nokushisa okukhulu okukhiqizwa ukuqhuma kwe-electron. Lapho ama-electron anesivinini esikhulu engqubuzana ne-anode, ahamba kancane ngokushesha, akhiphe amandla asesimweni sama- X-ray photon.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweshubhu le-X-ray yikhono lokuhlakaza amanani amakhulu okushisa akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukufeza lokhu, ishubhu ye-X-ray ifakwe uhlelo lokupholisa oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kwe-anode. Lezi zinhlelo zokupholisa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhamba kukawoyela noma amanzi eduze kwe-anode, amunca kahle futhi aqede ukushisa.
I-X-ray beam ekhishwa yi-tube iphinde ibunjwe futhi iqondiswe ama-collimator, alawula ubukhulu, ukuqina kanye nokuma kwensimu ye-X-ray. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bagxile kuma-X-reyi ngokunembile ezindaweni abazithakaselayo, bakhawulele ukuchayeka emisebeni okungadingekile ezigulini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha kwaguqula indlela yokucabanga yokuxilonga ngokunikeza odokotela ithuluzi elingahlaseli ukuze babone ngeso lengqondo izakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. Ama-X ray abonakale ewusizo kakhulu ekutholeni ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukuhlonza izimila nokuphenya izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-X-ray buye bavela ukuze bufake i-computed tomography (CT), i-fluoroscopy, ne-mammography, futhi yandisa amandla ayo okuxilonga.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamashubhu e-X-ray, izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni kumelwe kuvunywe. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqeqeshelwe ukulinganisela izinzuzo zokuthwebula izithombe nge-X ray nezingozi ezingaba khona zemisebe eyeqile. Izimiso eziqinile zokuphepha nokuqapha umthamo wemisebe kuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola ulwazi oludingekayo lokuxilonga kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuchayeka emisebeni.
Ngokufigqiwe,amashubhu e-X-ray yezokwelaphabaye bashintsha izithombe zokuxilonga ngokuvumela odokotela ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba womuntu ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezihlaselayo. Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi yeshubhu ye-X-ray ene-cathode, i-anode kanye nesistimu yokupholisa ikhiqiza izithombe ze-X-ray zekhwalithi ephezulu ukusiza ekuxilongweni okunembile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe ezithombeni ze-X ray ukuze kuzuze iziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2023