Kusukela yasungulwa, amashubhu e-X-ray yezokwelapha adlale indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kwezithombe zokuxilonga. Lawa mashubhu ayingxenye ebalulekile yemishini ye-X-ray evumela odokotela ukubona ngaphakathi kweziguli nokuxilonga izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamashubhu e-X-ray yezokwelapha kungathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eqhubekisela phambili izithombe zokuxilonga ezingeni elisha.
Ingqikithi yeishubhu ye-X-ray yezokwelaphaIqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-cathode kanye ne-anode, ezisebenza ndawonye ukukhiqiza umsebe we-X-ray. I-cathode isebenza njengomthombo wama-electron kuyilapho i-anode isebenza njengesisulu sala ma-electron. Lapho amandla kagesi esetshenziswa epayipini, i-cathode ikhipha umfudlana wama-electron, agxile futhi asheshiswe aye ku-anode.
I-cathode iyi-filament efudumele, evame ukwenziwa nge-tungsten, ekhipha ama-electron ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thermionic emission. Ugesi onamandla ushisa i-filament, okwenza ama-electron aphume ebusweni bawo bese enza ifu lezinhlayiya ezishajeke kabi. Inkomishi yokugxila eyenziwe nge-nickel bese yakha ifu lama-electron libe umsebe omncane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwethubhu, i-anode isebenza njengesisulu sama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode. I-anode ivame ukwenziwa nge-tungsten noma enye into enenombolo ephezulu ye-athomu ngenxa yephuzu layo eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nekhono layo lokumela ukushisa okukhulu okubangelwa ukuqhunyiswa kwama-electron. Lapho ama-electron ashesha kakhulu eshayisana ne-anode, ashesha ukwehlisa ijubane, akhulule amandla ngesimo sama-photon e-X-ray.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweshubhu le-X-ray yikhono lokususa ukushisa okukhulu okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, ishubhu le-X-ray lifakwe uhlelo lokupholisa oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kwe-anode. Lezi zinhlelo zokupholisa zivame ukuhilela ukujikeleza kwamafutha noma amanzi azungeze i-anode, okumunca nokuqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo.
Umsebe we-X-ray okhishwa yithubhu ubuye ulolongwe futhi uqondiswe yi-collimators, elawula ubukhulu, amandla kanye nesimo sensimu ye-X-ray. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bagxile ngqo emisebeni ye-X ezindaweni ezithakaselwayo, benciphisa ukuvezwa kwemisebe okungadingekile ezigulini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha kushintshe kakhulu ukuthwebula izithombe ngokunikeza odokotela ithuluzi elingahlaseli lokubona izakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. Ama-X-ray abonakale ebalulekile ekutholeni ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ukuhlonza izimila kanye nokuphenya izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-X-ray buthuthuke bafaka phakathi i-computed tomography (CT), i-fluoroscopy, kanye ne-mammography, okwandisa kakhulu amakhono ayo okuxilonga.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamashubhu e-X-ray, izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni kumele ziqashelwe. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqeqeshwe ukulinganisela izinzuzo zokuthwebula izithombe ze-X-ray kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zokukhishwa kwemisebe ngokweqile. Izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nokuqapha umthamo wemisebe kuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola ulwazi oludingekayo lokuxilonga ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuchayeka emisebeni.
Ngokufigqiwe,amashubhu e-X-ray yezokwelaphaziye zashintsha kakhulu izithombe zokuxilonga ngokuvumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba womuntu ngaphandle kwezinqubo zokuhlasela. Umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi we-X-ray tube ene-cathode yayo, i-anode kanye nesistimu yokupholisa ukhiqiza izithombe ze-X-ray ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukusiza ekuxilongeni okunembile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singalindela intuthuko eyengeziwe ekuthathweni kwezithombe ze-X-ray ukuze kuzuze iziguli kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2023