Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela kagesi, ukukhethwa kwezintambo ezinamandla aphezulu kanye namandla aphansi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphephile, okusebenzayo nokuthembekile. Ukuqonda umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo kungasiza onjiniyela, ochwepheshe bezogesi, kanye nabaphathi bephrojekthi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngezicelo zabo ezithile.
Incazelo kanye nobubanzi bamandla kagesi
Izintambo zikagesi eziphezuluzenzelwe ukuthwala ugesi kuma-voltage ngokuvamile angaphezu kwama-volts ayi-1,000 (1 kV). Lezi zintambo zibalulekile ekudluliseni ugesi ebangeni elide, njengokusuka ezitshalweni zikagesi kuya eziteshini ezincane noma phakathi kweziteshi ezincane namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa. Izicelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi izintambo zikagesi eziphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokudlulisa ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo ezisebenzisa ugesi ophansi zisebenza ngama-voltage angaphansi kwama-volt angu-1,000. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhanyiseni, ekusabalaliseni ugesi kanye nasezinhlelweni zokulawula ezindaweni zokuhlala, zezentengiselwano kanye nezezimboni. Isibonelo, izintambo ezisetshenziswa ekuxhumaniseni izintambo zasekhaya, ezisekelweni zokukhanyisa kanye nasemishinini emincane.
Ukwakhiwa nezinto zokwakha
Isakhiwo sezintambo ezinamandla aphezulu siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunesezintambo ezinamandla aphansi. Izintambo ezinamandla aphezulu zivame ukuba nezingqimba eziningi, okuhlanganisa ama-conductor, ama-insulator, ama-shield kanye nama-sheath angaphandle. Izinto zokuvikela zibalulekile ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Izinto zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintanjeni ezinamandla aphezulu zifaka phakathi i-polyethylene exhunywe nge-cross-linked (XLPE) kanye nerabha ye-ethylene-propylene (EPR).
Izintambo zikagesi eziphansi ngokuvamile zilula kakhulu ekwakhiweni, yize zisadinga izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile zigqunywa nge-PVC (polyvinyl chloride) noma irabha, okwanele ukulinganisa amandla kagesi aphansi. Izinto zomqhubi zingahluka, kodwa ithusi ne-aluminium kuyizinketho ezivame kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi.
Ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha
Izintambo ezinamandla aphezuluzenzelwe ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezeleka komshini kanye nezici zemvelo. Zivame ukuhlolwa amandla e-dielectric, okulinganisa ikhono lekhebula lokumelana nokuphuka kukagesi. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo lokudlulisa amandla.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izintambo zikagesi eziphansi zenzelwe izindawo ezidinga kakhulu. Nakuba zisadinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha, izidingo zokusebenza aziqinile njengezintambo zikagesi eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, izintambo zikagesi eziphansi kumele zisalandele imithetho nemithetho kagesi yendawo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile.
Isicelo
Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu kanye nezintambo ezisebenzisa amandla aphansi kuhluke kakhulu. Izintambo ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphehla ugesi, zokudlulisa kanye nezokusabalalisa ugesi. Zibalulekile ekuxhumeni imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamapulazi omoya kanye nelanga kugridi.
Kodwa-ke, izintambo ezisebenzisa ugesi ophansi zitholakala yonke indawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Zisetshenziswa ezintanjeni zokuhlala, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nasezindaweni zezimboni ukukhanyisa, ukufudumeza nokunika amandla imishini ehlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela ezifundeni zasekhaya ezilula kuya ezinhlelweni zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza.
Ekuphetheni
Ngamafuphi, ukukhethwa kwezintambo ezine-voltage ephezulu kanye ne-voltage ephansi kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zesistimu kagesi ehambisanayo. Izintambo ezine-voltage ephezulu zibalulekile ekudlulisweni kukagesi okuphumelelayo emabangeni amade, kanti izintambo ezine-voltage ephansi zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda umehluko obalulekile ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kungasiza ochwepheshe ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zabo zikagesi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uklama igridi kagesi entsha noma izintambo zasekhaya, ukwazi ukuthi uzosebenzisa nini izintambo ezine-voltage ephezulu kanye ne-voltage ephansi kubalulekile empumelelweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-21-2024