Emkhakheni wezokwelapha zanamuhla, ukuthwebula izithombe kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kweziguli, okuvumela ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuthi babone ngeso lengqondo izakhiwo zangaphakathi zomzimba. Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokuthwebula izithombe, ukuthwebula izithombe nge-X-ray kusalokhu kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Enhliziyweni yalobu buchwepheshe kukhona ishubhu le-X-ray lezokwelapha, ithuluzi elishintshe indlela esixilonga futhi selaphe ngayo izimo zezokwelapha.
Iyini ithubhu ye-X-ray yezokwelapha?
A ishubhu ye-X-ray yezokwelaphaiyithubhu ekhethekile ye-vacuum ekhiqiza ama-X-ray ngokusebenzisana kwama-electron anamandla aphezulu nezinto eziqondiwe, ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-tungsten. Uma kusetshenziswa ugesi, ama-electron akhishwa ku-cathode eshisayo bese esheshiswa aye ku-anode. Ngemva kokushaya i-anode, lawa ma-electron ashesha kakhulu ashayisana nezinto eziqondiwe, akhiqize ama-X-ray enkambisweni. Le ndlela eyisisekelo isivumela ukuthi sithwebule izithombe zamathambo, izitho zomzimba, nezicubu emzimbeni womuntu.
Izingxenye zamapayipi e-X-Ray
Ukuqonda izingxenye zepayipi le-X-ray lezokwelapha kubalulekile ekuqondeni umsebenzi walo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zifaka:
- I-Cathode: Le ngxenye yakhiwe yi-filament efudunyezwayo ukuze ikhiqize ama-electron. I-cathode ibalulekile ekuqaleni inqubo yokukhiqiza i-X-ray.
- I-Anode: I-anode isebenza njengomgomo we-cathode ukuze ikhiphe ama-electron. Ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-tungsten ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nokusebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni ama-X-ray.
- Imvilophu yengilazi noma yensimbi: Lonke ilungiselelo litholakala emvilophini evaliwe nge-vacuum, evimbela ama-electron ukuthi angashayisani nama-molecule omoya futhi iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa kwe-X-ray okuphumelelayo.
- Ukuhlunga: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe futhi kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kwesiguli emisebeni engadingekile, kusetshenziswa izihlungi ukususa imisebe ye-X enamandla aphansi enganikeli ulwazi lokuxilonga.
- I-Collimator: Le divayisi ibumba futhi inciphise umsebe we-X-ray, iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezidingekayo kuphela ezivezwa ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe.
Ukubaluleka Kwamapayipi E-X-Ray Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo
Amashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha abaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Anezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuxilongwa kokuphuka kwamathambo: Ama-X-ray ayindlela yokuqala yokuthwebula izithombe zokuphuka okusolwayo futhi angahlola ngokushesha nangokunembile umonakalo wamathambo.
- Ukutholwa kwesimila: Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-X-ray kungasiza ekuboneni ukukhula okungavamile noma izimila, okuqondisa ezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga.
- Izithombe zamazinyo: Ezokwelapha amazinyo, amashubhu e-X-ray asetshenziswa ukuthwebula izithombe zamazinyo nezakhiwo ezizungezile ukusiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga zamazinyo.
- Izithombe zesifuba: Ama-X-ray esifubeni avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola isimo samaphaphu, usayizi wenhliziyo, kanye nezinye izinkinga zesifuba.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-X-Ray Tube
Insimu yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhambisana namashubhu e-X-ray. Intuthuko yakamuva ifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-X-ray zedijithali ezithuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe, zinciphise ukuvezwa kwemisebe, futhi zifinyeze izikhathi zokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha njengemishini ye-X-ray ephathekayo yenza ukuthwebula izithombe kube nokwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amakamelo ezimo eziphuthumayo nezindawo ezikude.
Ekuphetheni
Amashubhu e-X-ray yezokwelaphaziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthwebula izithombe zokuxilonga, zinikeza ochwepheshe bezempilo amathuluzi abawadingayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kweziguli. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, amakhono amashubhu e-X-ray azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okuholela ekuqondeni okukhulu kokuxilonga kanye nemiphumela yeziguli ethuthukisiwe. Ukuqonda umsebenzi nokubaluleka kwala madivayisi kubalulekile kunoma ubani onentshisekelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, njengoba emelela itshe lesisekelo lemikhuba yesimanje yokuxilonga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezibhedlela, emitholampilo noma emahhovisi amazinyo, amashubhu e-X-ray ezokwelapha azohlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwempilo iminyaka ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2024